Above-the-line (filmmaking)

Above-the-line refers to the portion of a film or television production budget that includes major creative talent. These are typically negotiated costs that are fixed before principal photography begins. Above-the-line costs usually comprise salaries for the director, writers, producers, lead actors, and sometimes composers and their associated fees (such as rights acquisitions for pre-existing music).

The term originates from the practice of drawing a literal line on a budget spreadsheet, separating these pre-production, fixed costs from the more variable costs associated with the physical production itself, which are known as below-the-line expenses.

Negotiating above-the-line deals is a crucial stage in film financing as it determines the overall viability and artistic direction of the project. These costs are often the first commitments secured, enabling producers to leverage the names and reputations of key personnel to attract further investment.

Above-the-line talent also often receives a percentage of the film's net profits, a common incentive structured into their contracts. This profit participation can significantly impact the long-term financial performance of the project.

The specifics of what constitutes an above-the-line cost can vary slightly depending on studio agreements and industry practices. However, the fundamental principle remains: it represents the pre-production investment in key creative personnel.