The Spanish Revolution, 1931–1939 (Trotsky book)

The Spanish Revolution, 1931–1939 is a historical analysis written by Leon Trotsky, focusing on the events of the Spanish Civil War and the preceding period of political upheaval in Spain. The book examines the rise of the Second Spanish Republic, the complexities of the Republican coalition, the emergence of various socialist and anarchist movements, and the eventual descent into civil war.

Trotsky's analysis, written from a Marxist perspective, criticizes the policies of the Popular Front government, arguing that its attempts to compromise with bourgeois forces ultimately weakened the revolution and opened the door to Franco's fascist rebellion. He contends that a revolutionary strategy, led by a genuinely socialist party, was necessary to defeat fascism and advance the interests of the working class.

The book is structured as a collection of essays and articles written by Trotsky throughout the 1930s, offering a contemporary commentary on the unfolding events. Key themes explored include the role of the peasantry, the significance of the workers' militias, the betrayal of the revolution by Stalinist forces (especially the Communist Party of Spain), and the importance of building a Fourth International.

The Spanish Revolution, 1931–1939 remains a significant text for understanding the complexities of the Spanish Civil War and for grasping Trotsky's perspective on revolutionary strategy and tactics. It is frequently studied by scholars and activists interested in the history of socialism, anarchism, and the fight against fascism. The book highlights the dangers of reformism and the need for a truly revolutionary leadership to achieve lasting social change.