Fedoseevtsy

The Fedoseevtsy (Russian: Федосеевцы) are a Bezpopovtsy (priestless) Old Believer denomination that emerged in Russia in the late 17th century. They trace their origins to a schism within the Old Believer community following the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow in the 1650s and 1660s.

The Fedoseevtsy take their name from Feodosy Vasiliev (died 1711), who became a prominent leader and organizer of the priestless Old Believers in Moscow. He was influential in consolidating their beliefs and practices, particularly regarding marriage and social interaction with the "worldly" Orthodox Church.

A central tenet of the Fedoseevtsy is their rejection of any reconciliation with the official Russian Orthodox Church, which they view as heretical. They believe the true priesthood became extinct due to the apostasy of the Nikonian reforms. Consequently, they administer sacraments such as baptism and confession without a priest, relying on lay elders (nastavniki) to lead their communities.

A significant aspect of Fedoseevtsy practice is their rejection of marriage and sexual relations for the purpose of procreation. While some communities allow marriage, it is generally considered a lower spiritual state, and celibacy is highly valued. The primary goal is spiritual purity and preparation for the imminent end of the world, a common theme within many Old Believer groups. They believe that the birth of children in the corrupt world only perpetuates sin.

Over time, the Fedoseevtsy split into various subgroups with differing interpretations of doctrine and practice. These divisions often concerned the degree of interaction permitted with the outside world, as well as specific liturgical practices. Despite these differences, they are united by their commitment to the pre-Nikonian traditions and their rejection of the official church.

The Fedoseevtsy historically faced persecution from the Russian government and the Orthodox Church. Despite this, they managed to preserve their faith and traditions, establishing communities in various parts of Russia and beyond. Some communities still exist today, maintaining their distinct identity and adherence to Old Believer principles.