Communist Party of Mexico (1994)

The Communist Party of Mexico (Partido Comunista de México, or PCM) was a communist political party founded in Mexico in 1994. It is distinct from the earlier, more historically significant Communist Party of Mexico (founded in 1919 and later renamed the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico).

The PCM (1994) emerged from a splinter group within the then-existing socialist and communist movements of Mexico. It was formed as a response to what its founders saw as the revisionist tendencies and abandonment of core Marxist-Leninist principles by other left-wing parties. The party aimed to uphold a revolutionary socialist program, advocating for the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a socialist state based on proletarian internationalism.

The PCM (1994) differed from other leftist parties in Mexico through its strict adherence to Marxist-Leninist ideology and its emphasis on the dictatorship of the proletariat. It viewed the Zapatista movement, while expressing solidarity with their demands for indigenous rights, with critical support, disagreeing with aspects of their ideology. The party participated in elections, though its electoral performance was limited, typically receiving a small fraction of the vote.

The party actively engaged in organizing among the working class, students, and peasants, promoting socialist ideas and advocating for improved living and working conditions. It also maintained connections with other communist and workers' parties internationally.

The Communist Party of Mexico (1994) officially ceased to exist in 2011 when it merged with other communist organizations to form the Communist Party of Mexico (PCM), continuing the historical name but representing a different organization than the pre-1981 PCM. This new PCM effectively replaced the 1994 iteration.