Catherine wheel (firework)

A Catherine wheel, also known as a pinwheel, is a type of firework that produces a spiraling or rotating display of sparks and flames. It consists of a coiled tube or a number of tubes attached to a central pivot point. These tubes are filled with a pyrotechnic composition that, when ignited, produces thrust. This thrust causes the wheel to spin rapidly, creating a visually appealing circular pattern of light.

The name "Catherine wheel" is derived from the torture device of the same name, used in the execution of Saint Catherine of Alexandria. The Saint Catherine Wheel was a spiked wheel to which the condemned were bound and broken. The firework bears a superficial resemblance to this wheel in its shape and spinning motion.

Catherine wheels can be made in a variety of sizes and with different pyrotechnic compositions to produce a range of colours and effects. They are often mounted on a post or fence so that they can spin freely and safely. They are a common firework display item, often used in both public and private celebrations. When used, safety precautions are always paramount. A clear safety perimeter should be established, and manufacturers' instructions must be strictly followed.