Hauberk

A hauberk is a type of mail armour consisting of a shirt reaching at least to the knees and commonly including a hood (coif) and sleeves. The term is most often associated with the High Medieval period in Europe.

The hauberk was constructed from interlocking rings of metal, typically iron. These rings could be riveted closed, welded, or simply butted together, with riveted mail offering superior strength and protection. The rings were arranged in various patterns, such as the common 4-to-1 pattern where each ring is linked to four others.

The purpose of a hauberk was to protect the wearer from cuts and blows from edged weapons. While not impervious to piercing attacks like arrows or thrusts from a lance, it significantly reduced the likelihood of serious injury. The weight of a hauberk could be substantial, often weighing between 20 and 30 pounds, requiring significant strength and stamina to wear for extended periods.

Variations existed, including the addition of plates of armour to reinforce vulnerable areas, the shortening or lengthening of the sleeves or skirt, and the inclusion of integrated mittens or gloves. The hauberk remained a common form of armour for several centuries, gradually being replaced by plate armour as technology advanced.