Vanchana

Vanchana (वञ्चना) is a Sanskrit word that translates primarily to "deception," "fraud," or "cheating." It encompasses a range of dishonest acts intended to mislead or take advantage of another person. The term appears in various ancient Indian texts, including religious scriptures, legal codes (Dharmaśāstras), and philosophical treatises.

The concept of vanchana extends beyond simple lying. It can involve elaborate schemes, the withholding of crucial information, and the manipulation of circumstances to create a false impression. The moral and legal consequences of vanchana are frequently discussed in Hindu ethics and jurisprudence, often emphasizing the importance of truthfulness (satya) and honesty (arjava) as virtues to be cultivated in opposition to deceit. The severity of the offense associated with vanchana often depends on the context, the intent behind the act, and the harm caused to the victim. While primarily referring to deceptive acts between individuals, the concept can also apply metaphorically to self-deception, where one is misled by their own flawed reasoning or biases.