Heretic (ballet)

Heretic is a ballet created by Martha Graham in 1929. It is considered one of her early, groundbreaking works and a significant piece in the development of modern dance.

The ballet explores themes of social alienation, conformity, and the struggle of the individual against a rigid, intolerant society. A lone figure, often interpreted as an outcast or revolutionary, confronts a group of individuals dressed in uniform black. This group represents the forces of oppression and societal norms.

Heretic is characterized by its stark and angular choreography, reflecting the emotional intensity of the subject matter. Graham's movement vocabulary, emphasizing contraction and release, is used to convey the protagonist's isolation and defiance.

The original score was by Breton composer, Edgard Varèse, however due to performance restrictions, the score was replaced by a piece consisting of a single repeated Hungarian folk tune.

The ballet's minimalist set design, often featuring only a few props and lighting effects, further emphasizes the starkness and intensity of the conflict. Costumes are simple and austere, contributing to the overall sense of severity and repression.

Heretic remains a powerful and relevant work, speaking to the timeless struggle for individual expression and the courage to challenge oppressive forces. It continues to be performed by dance companies worldwide, showcasing Graham's innovative choreography and its enduring message.