Pirouette (dressage)

In dressage, a pirouette is a formal, highly collected, turning movement performed on the horse's hindquarters. It requires exceptional balance, strength, and training. There are two main types of pirouettes: the half-pirouette and the full pirouette.

A half-pirouette involves the horse turning 180 degrees around its hindquarters. The forehand moves around the hindquarters, which remain relatively stationary. It is typically performed in walk or canter.

A full pirouette involves the horse turning 360 degrees around its hindquarters. Similar to the half-pirouette, the forehand moves around the hindquarters which should remain engaged and as stationary as possible. This is also typically performed in walk or canter.

Key elements of a good pirouette include:

• Collection: The horse must be highly collected, meaning it is carrying more weight on its hindquarters.
• Balance: The horse must maintain balance throughout the turn.
• Engagement: The hindquarters must be actively engaged and stepping under the horse's body.
• Rhythm: The rhythm of the gait (walk or canter) should be maintained throughout the movement, even as the horse turns.
• Impulsion: The horse should maintain impulsion, or forward energy, despite the collection required for the pirouette.
• Correct Bend: A subtle bend in the direction of the turn is desired.
• Smoothness: The movement should be smooth and fluid, without hesitation or loss of balance.

Pirouettes are challenging movements that require a high level of training and communication between horse and rider. They demonstrate the horse's suppleness, balance, and obedience. Poor pirouettes may result from a lack of collection, imbalance, or incorrect rider aids.