Chatra (umbrella)
The Chatra (Sanskrit: छत्र, IAST: chatra; Pali: chatta) is a traditional parasol or umbrella used in Indian and Buddhist iconography. It is a symbol of royalty and protection, often seen adorning the heads of deities, bodhisattvas, and royalty.
Symbolism and Meaning:
The chatra carries multiple layers of symbolism:
- Royalty and Authority: It signifies the high status and authority of the individual or deity it shelters. Its presence indicates leadership, power, and dominion.
- Protection: The umbrella offers protection from the elements, symbolically shielding the subject from harm, negativity, and obstacles. It represents refuge and safety.
- Spiritual Significance: In Buddhism, the chatra is one of the Eight Auspicious Symbols (Ashtamangala). It represents protection from suffering, illness, and negative forces. It is also associated with spiritual authority and the attainment of enlightenment.
- Dharma: As a symbol of protection, the chatra can also be seen as representing the protection and shelter provided by the Dharma (Buddhist teachings).
Construction and Materials:
Chatras can be made from various materials, including silk, cotton, and metal. They are typically circular in shape and consist of a canopy supported by a central shaft. The canopy is often decorated with intricate designs, auspicious symbols, or religious imagery.
Usage:
- Religious Iconography: Chatras are commonly depicted above statues and images of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and other deities in Buddhist and Hindu art.
- Royal Regalia: Historically, chatras were carried above kings and other high-ranking officials during ceremonies and processions, signifying their royal status.
- Architectural Element: Chatras can also be incorporated into architectural structures, such as stupas and temples, as a decorative and symbolic element.
Variations:
The design and symbolism of the chatra can vary depending on the specific cultural or religious context. Different regions and traditions may have their own unique styles and interpretations of the chatra. For example, in Tibetan Buddhism, the chatra is often depicted with multiple tiers, each representing different levels of spiritual attainment.