Richard Johnson (chaplain)

Richard Johnson (1753? – 13 March 1827) was an English clergyman who served as the first chaplain of the New South Wales penal colony in Australia. He is considered a significant figure in the early history of Australia for his role in providing religious and social support to the convicts and settlers.

Born in Yorkshire, England, Johnson was ordained as an Anglican priest and felt a strong calling to missionary work. He was appointed chaplain to the First Fleet, which sailed for Botany Bay in 1787. Johnson arrived in New South Wales with the fleet in January 1788.

Despite facing numerous challenges, including a lack of proper facilities and resources, Johnson dedicated himself to ministering to the convicts. He held religious services, provided education, and offered practical assistance to those in need. He faced resistance from some officers who viewed him as too lenient towards the convicts.

Johnson was a fervent evangelical and sought to reform the moral character of the colony. He established the first school in the colony in 1793, which was initially located in his own home and later moved to a dedicated building. He also advocated for the humane treatment of convicts and protested against the harsh punishments that were often inflicted.

In 1794, Johnson’s wife, Mary, established a school for girls.

Johnson returned to England in 1800, due to health problems and disagreements with the colonial administration. He served as a curate in various parishes before retiring.

Richard Johnson played a crucial role in laying the foundation for religious life and education in early colonial Australia. He is remembered for his compassion, dedication, and efforts to improve the lives of the convicts and settlers in the fledgling colony. His journals and letters provide valuable insights into the experiences of those who lived in the early years of New South Wales.