Pashtane

Pashtane (پښتانه), also known as Pashtuns, Pathans, or Afghans, are an Iranian ethnic group native to Central and South Asia. They primarily inhabit Afghanistan and Pakistan, with significant communities in India and the global diaspora. Pashtuns are characterized by their distinct culture, which includes Pashto language, adherence to Pashtunwali (a traditional code of conduct), and a strong tribal structure.

Pashtunwali encompasses various values and principles, including hospitality (melmastia), asylum (nanawatai), revenge (badal), and honor (nang). These principles govern social interactions, dispute resolution, and community life.

Historically, Pashtun lands have been at the crossroads of empires and trade routes, contributing to a rich and diverse cultural heritage. They have played significant roles in regional politics and conflicts, influencing the history of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Their history includes periods of independence, tribal confederations, and participation in larger empires.

The Pashto language is an Eastern Iranian language belonging to the Indo-European family. It has two main dialect groups: Northern Pashto (also known as Pakhto) and Southern Pashto (also known as Pashto).

Contemporary Pashtun society is diverse, ranging from rural agricultural communities to urban professionals. While traditional Pashtunwali remains important, modernization and globalization have brought about changes in social norms and economic activities. The Pashtun people have made notable contributions in various fields, including politics, literature, arts, and sports.