National park (Brazil)

National parks in Brazil are a type of conservation unit, established and managed by the federal government through the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). They are defined under the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) law (Law No. 9.985/2000) as areas with significant natural attributes, dedicated to ecological research, environmental education, recreation, and ecotourism.

The primary objective of establishing national parks in Brazil is the preservation of natural ecosystems of national or regional significance. Unlike some other categories of conservation units, national parks are intended to be strictly protected, meaning that direct exploitation or consumption of resources is generally prohibited. Scientific research is permitted and encouraged, subject to licensing and regulation.

Public visitation is allowed and often actively promoted within national parks, aiming to foster appreciation for nature and environmental awareness. Infrastructure for tourism, such as trails, visitor centers, and campgrounds, may be developed within the parks, provided that it does not compromise the ecological integrity of the area. Concessions are sometimes granted for the provision of tourism-related services.

The creation of a national park typically involves a period of planning and consultation with local communities, stakeholders, and experts. The process often includes environmental impact assessments and land regularization, which can be complex and time-consuming. Challenges facing Brazilian national parks include deforestation, illegal mining, poaching, and conflicts with local communities regarding resource access. Effective management and enforcement are crucial for ensuring the long-term conservation of these protected areas.