Malays (ethnic group)

The term "Malays" (Malay: Melayu) refers to an Austronesian ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra, coastal Borneo, and smaller islands that lie between these locations. The identity of "Malay" is complex and has evolved over time, often associated with language, culture, and religion (Islam).

Historically, the term encompassed various groups residing in Southeast Asia who shared cultural and linguistic ties. These ties were often linked to the historical Malay kingdoms and sultanates that flourished in the region, such as Srivijaya, Melaka, and Brunei.

In modern times, the definition of "Malay" varies by country. In Malaysia, the Constitution defines a Malay as a person who habitually speaks the Malay language, adheres to Malay customs, and professes the religion of Islam. This definition is legally significant and confers certain rights and privileges. In other countries, such as Singapore and Indonesia, the definition is more fluid and generally based on ancestry, language, and cultural practices.

The Malay language (Malay: Bahasa Melayu) is a major unifying factor among Malays. It is the national language of Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore (where it is one of the four official languages) and a recognized language in Indonesia (where it is closely related to Indonesian, Bahasa Indonesia).

Malay culture is rich and diverse, influenced by various factors including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and indigenous traditions. Traditional Malay arts, crafts, music, dance, and cuisine are significant aspects of their cultural heritage.

The majority of Malays are Sunni Muslims. Islam plays a central role in their lives and cultural practices. Islamic principles influence various aspects of Malay society, including social customs, law, and education.