Kumbhanda

Kumbhanda are a class of dwarfish, pot-bellied demons or goblins in Hindu and Buddhist mythology. The name literally translates to "pot-belly" or "pot-womb," referring to their distinctive physical feature. They are often depicted as grotesque and mischievous beings, sometimes mischievous servants of Kubera, the god of wealth, or found among the retinues of other powerful deities.

In Hindu contexts, Kumbhandas are considered to be among the various classes of semi-divine or demonic beings, existing between the human and divine realms. They are generally associated with disorder, trickery, and sometimes even disease. They are often listed alongside other similar beings, such as Yakshas, Rakshasas, and Pishachas.

In Buddhist traditions, Kumbhandas are also viewed as a type of non-human being, typically lower in the hierarchy than more benevolent deities. They are often associated with realms of suffering and are sometimes depicted as guardians or inhabitants of the lower realms of existence. Their depiction in Buddhist art and literature varies depending on the specific tradition and region. They are often included in lists of different types of beings found throughout the Buddhist cosmos.

The specific characteristics and roles attributed to Kumbhandas can vary across different texts and regional traditions. They are, however, consistently portrayed as beings with a distinctive physical appearance and a generally mischievous or malevolent nature, occupying a place in the complex cosmologies of both Hinduism and Buddhism.