Gallichan

Gallichan, also spelled Gallican, can refer to several distinct but related concepts primarily associated with the historical and contemporary relationship between the Catholic Church and the nation-state of France. These concepts include:

• Gallicanism: The most significant meaning refers to a complex set of doctrines and practices advocating for the autonomy of the French Church (also known as the Gallican Church) from papal control. Gallicanism asserted the temporal authority of the French monarch over ecclesiastical affairs within France, limited the Pope's power in doctrinal matters, and emphasized the role of national councils. This movement was prominent from the 15th to the 19th centuries, often supported by French kings and the French parliament. Key tenets of Gallicanism included conciliarism (the belief that a general council of the Church has more authority than the Pope) and royal supremacy in matters of church governance within France.

• The Gallican Church: This refers to the Catholic Church in France, particularly when viewed as an entity with its own distinct traditions, practices, and privileges. The term emphasizes the historical and sometimes independent character of the French Church within the larger Catholic Church.

• Gallican Liberties: These were a series of traditional rights and privileges claimed by the French Church, often articulated in opposition to papal authority. These liberties included the right of the French monarch to appoint bishops, control church lands, and limit the influence of papal decrees within France.

• New Gallicanism: This refers to a revival of Gallican ideas in the 19th century, often in response to ultramontanism (the emphasis on papal authority).

• Jean Gallichan: Less commonly, "Gallichan" may also refer to a surname. While less frequent than its usages related to church history, it's important to consider the possibility it's a family name in specific contexts.