CCR8 (gene)

CCR8, also known as C-C chemokine receptor type 8, is a protein encoded by the CCR8 gene in humans. It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the beta chemokine receptor family.

Function:

CCR8 functions as a receptor for the chemokine CCL1 (also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1 delta or I-309). Upon binding of CCL1, CCR8 triggers intracellular signaling cascades that regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, inflammation, and immune responses. CCR8 is primarily expressed on T helper 2 (Th2) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and certain tumor cells. Its activation plays a role in the recruitment of these cell types to sites of inflammation or tumor development.

Expression:

CCR8 expression is found in various tissues and cells, with notable expression in the thymus, skin, and spleen. Within the immune system, it is predominantly expressed on Th2 cells and Tregs, suggesting its involvement in allergic inflammation, parasite immunity, and immune tolerance. CCR8 expression has also been observed in certain types of cancer cells, where it can contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

Clinical Significance:

Due to its role in immune regulation and inflammation, CCR8 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and certain cancers. Antagonists or antibodies targeting CCR8 are being investigated as potential treatments to modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and inhibit tumor progression. Research into the role of CCR8 in specific disease contexts continues to expand our understanding of its clinical significance.

Gene Location:

In humans, the CCR8 gene is located on chromosome 3p21.31.

Ligands:

The primary ligand for CCR8 is CCL1 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 1).