Seminole

The Seminole are a Native American people originally from Florida. They developed in the 18th century from various groups of Native Americans, primarily Creek people who migrated into Florida from present-day Georgia and Alabama. Other groups included escaped African slaves (known as Black Seminoles), and remnants of other tribes.

The name "Seminole" is believed to be derived from the Creek word "simanó-li," which may mean "runaway" or "separatist," reflecting their departure from the main body of Creek society.

The Seminole Wars (1816-1819, 1835-1842, and 1855-1858) were a series of conflicts between the Seminole and the United States Army. These wars resulted from U.S. government attempts to force the Seminole to relocate west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). The Seminole fiercely resisted removal, and the wars were costly and difficult for the United States.

While many Seminole were eventually forced to relocate, a significant number remained in Florida, finding refuge in the Everglades. Today, there are three federally recognized Seminole tribes: the Seminole Tribe of Florida, the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida. Each tribe has its own government, constitution, and membership criteria.

The Seminole culture is rich and diverse, reflecting its varied origins. Traditional Seminole practices include hunting, fishing, agriculture, and crafts such as basket weaving and patchwork clothing. The Seminole language is related to Creek.