Apollo (butterfly)

The Apollo butterfly ( Parnassius apollo) is a large, white or cream-colored butterfly belonging to the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). It is a mountain species found in Europe and Asia. The Apollo is known for its striking black and red spots on its hindwings, and its translucent, slightly iridescent wings.

The butterfly is a strong flier and typically inhabits alpine meadows and rocky slopes, often at high altitudes. Its habitat is under increasing threat from climate change, habitat loss due to agriculture and tourism development, and over-collection.

Apollo butterflies lay their eggs on or near the food plant of their larvae, typically various species of stonecrop ( Sedum). The caterpillars are dark-colored with orange spots and feed on the leaves of the plant. They undergo several molts before pupating. The pupa is typically found attached to a stem or rock.

The Apollo butterfly is a protected species in many countries due to its declining populations. Conservation efforts include habitat protection and captive breeding programs to reintroduce the species to areas where it has become extinct or rare. Different subspecies exist across its geographical range, exhibiting variations in wing patterns and coloration. The size of the butterfly can vary, with wingspans ranging from approximately 62 to 100 mm.