Wei Zheng

Wei Zheng (580 – 643), courtesy name Xuancheng, was a prominent politician and historian during the early Tang dynasty of China. He is best known for being a wise and outspoken counselor to Emperor Taizong, often directly criticizing the emperor's policies and actions with remarkable candor.

Wei Zheng served under several regimes before ultimately joining the Tang Dynasty. He initially served under Li Mi, a leader during the Sui Dynasty's collapse. After Li Mi's defeat, Wei Zheng advised Li Mi's subordinate, Wang Shichong, to surrender to the Tang. However, Wang Shichong refused, and Wei Zheng later ended up in the service of Li Jiancheng, the crown prince and Emperor Taizong's rival.

Despite having served Li Jiancheng, Emperor Taizong recognized Wei Zheng's talent and integrity after seizing power in the Xuanwu Gate Incident. Instead of punishing Wei Zheng for his previous allegiance, Emperor Taizong appointed him as a counselor, valuing his honesty and insightful advice.

Wei Zheng fearlessly pointed out the Emperor's flaws and offered constructive criticism, which Emperor Taizong often accepted. He was known for his detailed memorials, in which he analyzed government policies and proposed solutions to various problems. He particularly stressed the importance of benevolent rule and the need for the emperor to heed the lessons of history.

Wei Zheng held several important positions during his career, including secretary general and chief minister. He played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of the early Tang dynasty, contributing to its golden age.

Beyond his political career, Wei Zheng was also a historian. He was one of the chief editors of the official Book of Sui and Book of Liang, historical records of the Sui and Liang dynasties, respectively.

Wei Zheng's death in 643 was deeply mourned by Emperor Taizong. The emperor lamented the loss of his most valuable advisor and famously stated that Wei Zheng served as his "mirror," allowing him to see his own faults. Emperor Taizong ordered Wei Zheng's burial near his own future tomb and erected a stele in his honor. Wei Zheng is remembered as a model of integrity, courage, and wise counsel, and remains a revered figure in Chinese history. His advice and actions are often cited as examples of good governance and the importance of ethical leadership.