TAS1R3

TAS1R3 is a gene that encodes a subunit of the heterodimeric sweet taste receptor. This receptor, formed by the pairing of TAS1R2 and TAS1R3, is responsible for the perception of sweet taste in humans and other mammals. The TAS1R3 protein interacts with TAS1R2 to create a functional receptor capable of binding to a variety of natural and artificial sweeteners.

The gene is primarily expressed in taste receptor cells found in the taste buds of the tongue and palate. Genetic variations in TAS1R3 have been linked to differences in sweet taste perception among individuals. Some variants may cause a higher or lower sensitivity to sweetness, influencing dietary preferences.

The heterodimeric receptor consisting of TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 belongs to the family of class C G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). When a sweet substance binds to the receptor, it initiates a signaling cascade involving G-proteins and ultimately leading to depolarization of the taste receptor cell and the transmission of a signal to the brain, resulting in the sensation of sweetness.

The TAS1R3 protein is crucial for the functionality of the sweet taste receptor; TAS1R2 cannot function independently without TAS1R3 to elicit a sweet response. Research into the structure and function of TAS1R3 and the sweet taste receptor has implications for the development of new sweeteners and strategies for managing sugar intake. Understanding the genetic basis of sweet taste perception could also lead to personalized dietary recommendations.