AZF (factory)

AZF was the acronym used to designate the Azote Fertilisants factory in Toulouse, France. The factory, a producer of chemical fertilizers, was owned by the Grande Paroisse company, a subsidiary of TotalFinaElf (now Total).

On September 21, 2001, the AZF factory was the site of a devastating explosion. The explosion, which registered 3.4 on the Richter scale, caused widespread damage throughout Toulouse and the surrounding area. Approximately 31 people were killed, and thousands were injured. Many buildings in the city suffered structural damage or were completely destroyed.

The cause of the explosion was attributed to the accidental mixing of ammonium nitrate with an organic chloride compound. The ensuing investigation and subsequent legal proceedings were lengthy and complex, focusing on safety standards and potential negligence at the facility. Several individuals and the company Grande Paroisse were ultimately held liable, though the exact circumstances and responsibilities remained contentious. The AZF explosion remains a significant event in French history, highlighting the potential dangers of industrial accidents and the importance of strict safety regulations. The factory was subsequently closed and the site remediated.