Spinachia

Spinachia is a genus of fish belonging to the Gasterosteidae family, commonly known as sticklebacks. The genus currently contains only one recognized species, Spinachia spinachia, the sea stickleback.

Description:

The sea stickleback is a slender, elongated fish characterized by its numerous (approximately 14-17) isolated dorsal spines, differentiating it from other stickleback species with fewer or fused spines. It possesses a small, upturned mouth and a laterally compressed body. Coloration can vary but typically ranges from greenish-brown to silvery, often with darker mottling or banding along the sides. During breeding season, males can display brighter colors, including reddish or bluish hues. They generally reach a length of up to 22 cm (8.7 inches).

Habitat and Distribution:

Spinachia spinachia is found in shallow, coastal waters of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Iceland and Norway down to France and occasionally into the western Baltic Sea. They inhabit areas with dense vegetation, such as eelgrass beds and seaweed forests, providing refuge from predators and suitable sites for nesting.

Behavior and Ecology:

The sea stickleback is a migratory species, moving between brackish and saltwater environments. They feed on small invertebrates, including crustaceans, insect larvae, and plankton. Breeding occurs in the spring and summer months. Males construct elaborate nests from algae and other plant material, which are glued together with secretions from their kidneys. They then court females and guide them to the nest to lay their eggs. The male diligently guards and fans the eggs until they hatch, after which he continues to protect the young fry for a short period.

Conservation Status:

The conservation status of Spinachia spinachia is generally considered to be of Least Concern, although localized populations may be threatened by habitat degradation, pollution, and climate change. Eelgrass beds, a crucial habitat for the species, are particularly vulnerable to these pressures. Further research and monitoring are needed to fully assess the long-term impacts on sea stickleback populations.