Shabda

Shabda (शब्द) is a Sanskrit word that translates primarily to "word," "sound," or "speech." It holds significant philosophical and religious importance, particularly within Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

In Hinduism, Shabda often refers to the divine sound or the primordial vibration from which the universe is manifested. It is considered a fundamental aspect of Brahman (the ultimate reality). The concept is central to schools of thought like Shabdaveda, which emphasizes the importance of sound and language in understanding reality. Certain mantras and sacred utterances are considered powerful Shabdas capable of invoking divine energies. The Shabda Brahman concept specifically equates Brahman with sound.

In Jainism, Shabda refers to spoken words and is one of the nine tattvas (fundamental substances or principles) that constitute reality. The focus is often on the impact of Shabda on karmic accumulation. Careful and truthful speech is highly valued, while harmful or deceitful Shabda is to be avoided.

In Sikhism, Shabda refers to the divine word or hymn as revealed through the Guru's teachings, found within the Guru Granth Sahib. The Shabda is considered the Guru itself and is the focal point of Sikh worship and spiritual practice. Singing and meditating on the Shabda is a primary means of connecting with the divine.