Sōmon (poetry)

Sōmon (双紋, "paired patterns" or "paired crests") refers to a specific type of Japanese linked verse (renku or renga) characterized by a dialogue-like structure and an intricate interplay between two distinct voices or perspectives. It is a relatively short form, typically consisting of only two verses, each contributed by a different poet.

The essence of sōmon lies in the thematic connection and contrasting viewpoints presented within its brief compass. The first verse (hokku) sets the scene, introduces a topic, or establishes a mood. The second verse (wakiku) responds to the first, developing the theme, offering a contrasting perspective, or adding a new layer of meaning. The success of a sōmon hinges on the skillful interaction between these two verses, creating a sense of dynamic exchange and suggesting a deeper, often unresolved, resonance.

While technically a two-verse renku, sōmon is often treated as a distinct genre due to its concentrated focus on the interaction between two voices. The form emphasizes subtle nuance and suggestion, demanding careful attention to both the individual verses and their relationship to one another. Unlike longer renku sequences which can accommodate shifts in topic and tone, sōmon requires a tightly focused thematic unity, even when presenting opposing viewpoints. The term "sōmon" highlights this duality and the interconnectedness of the two contributing voices.