Ryakuji

Ryakuji (略字) are simplified or abbreviated forms of kanji (Chinese characters) used in the Japanese writing system. They are unofficial and non-standardized simplifications created for personal convenience or to save time and effort when writing by hand. Unlike shinjitai (the official simplified characters promulgated by the Japanese government), ryakuji are not typically recognized or used in formal writing or printing.

While ryakuji are generally not taught in schools or used in official documents, they are sometimes seen in informal settings such as personal notes, memos, and handwritten signs. Their usage varies significantly depending on the individual, region, and time period. Some ryakuji may be widely understood within specific communities or professions, while others are highly idiosyncratic.

Ryakuji are often formed by omitting strokes or components of the original kanji. Some common methods of simplification include:

• Omission of internal strokes: Reducing the number of strokes within a character.
• Contraction of radicals: Combining or simplifying radical components.
• Substitution with a similar-sounding or looking character: Replacing a complex character with a simpler one that shares a similar pronunciation or appearance.
• Using the katakana character "ノ" as a substitute for a complex component: A particularly common simplification technique, especially when the component is located on the left side of the character.

Because ryakuji are not standardized, their recognition can be challenging, even for native Japanese speakers. Context is often necessary to decipher the intended meaning. The use of ryakuji is generally discouraged in formal writing, as it can lead to ambiguity and misunderstanding.