R-2 (missile)

The R-2 was a Soviet single-stage, liquid-fueled, submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). It was an improved version of the earlier R-1, which itself was a reverse-engineered copy of the German V-2 rocket. Developed by OKB-1 under the leadership of Sergei Korolev, the R-2 incorporated significant advances over its predecessor, including a longer range, improved accuracy, and a lighter structure.

The R-2 used an improved version of the R-1's RD-100 engine, designated RD-101. This enhanced the missile's performance and allowed for a larger warhead. The missile was designed for launch from submerged submarines, requiring substantial modifications to the vessels to accommodate the missiles and associated launch systems.

The R-2 entered service with the Soviet Navy in 1955, equipping Projekt 611 (Zulu-class) submarines. Its deployment significantly enhanced the Soviet Union's nuclear deterrent capabilities by providing a sea-based launch platform capable of reaching targets at considerable distances. The R-2 was eventually replaced by more advanced SLBMs, but it played a crucial role in the early development of Soviet naval nuclear forces.