Nativity (Campin)

The Nativity by Robert Campin (c. 1420) is an Early Netherlandish oil painting depicting the birth of Jesus Christ. It differs from traditional Nativity scenes in its highly realistic and contemporary depiction of the figures and setting. The Virgin Mary is portrayed as a middle-class woman kneeling in prayer before the newborn Christ, who lies on the ground rather than in a manger. Saint Joseph is depicted as an elderly man diligently preparing a bath for the infant.

The painting is notable for its attention to detail, its use of light and shadow to create depth and realism, and its inclusion of symbolic objects. These symbols, such as the copper basin for the bath and the plain wooden structure housing the event, often allude to the future Passion of Christ and the purity of Mary. The composition focuses on creating a sense of intimacy and quiet devotion, contrasting with the often elaborate and opulent depictions of Nativity scenes common in other artistic traditions. The work demonstrates Campin's signature style, which emphasizes naturalism and tangible human figures, marking a departure from the more stylized representations of the late medieval period.