NOTUM (gene)

NOTUM is a gene that encodes a secreted hydrolase enzyme. This enzyme functions as a depalmitoylase, removing palmitate groups from Wnt proteins, specifically at a modified serine residue. By removing these lipid modifications, NOTUM antagonizes Wnt signaling.

Wnt signaling is a crucial pathway involved in various developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue patterning. It also plays a role in adult tissue homeostasis and is implicated in various diseases, including cancer. NOTUM’s role as a Wnt antagonist provides a mechanism to fine-tune and regulate Wnt signaling activity.

The expression of NOTUM is often spatially restricted, suggesting that its function is important in defining specific boundaries and domains of Wnt activity. Dysregulation of NOTUM expression or activity has been linked to various developmental abnormalities and diseases.

The NOTUM enzyme belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. Structurally, it contains a catalytic domain responsible for the depalmitoylation reaction. Research into NOTUM and its mechanism of action is ongoing to further elucidate its role in Wnt signaling regulation and its potential as a therapeutic target.