Merikare

Merikare (also known as Merykare) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Tenth Dynasty, during the First Intermediate Period (c. 2160 – c. 2055 BC). His prenomen was Khety, which is often used to refer to other rulers of the Tenth Dynasty as well, leading to some confusion in the historical record.

While the exact chronology and historical events of the First Intermediate Period are still debated among Egyptologists, Merikare is best known for the Teaching for King Merykare, a literary text advising rulers on kingship, governance, and morality. This text, thought to have been written either by his father Khety III, or by himself late in his reign, offers valuable insights into the political and social instability of the time. The Teaching emphasizes the importance of justice, piety, and military strength in maintaining order.

Merikare's reign appears to have been centered in Lower Egypt, based in Herakleopolis Magna. He likely faced challenges from the Theban-based Eleventh Dynasty to the south, who were gaining power and eventually reunited Egypt under their rule. His tomb has not been definitively identified, although it is speculated to be located somewhere in the Saqqara necropolis.

The Teaching for King Merykare is a primary source of information regarding the challenges and concerns faced by rulers during the First Intermediate Period and offers a glimpse into Merikare's perspective on effective governance during a time of upheaval.