Ma Hushan

Ma Hushan (馬虎山) was a Hui Chinese Muslim general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. He was a prominent figure in the Xinjiang theatre of both conflicts.

Ma Hushan was born in Linxia, Gansu. He was a member of the Ma Clique warlord family and a cousin of Ma Zhongying, another prominent warlord who operated primarily in Xinjiang during the 1930s. Ma Hushan largely remained loyal to the Nationalist government, even after Ma Zhongying's disappearance.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Ma Hushan commanded the 36th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, composed primarily of Hui and other Muslim soldiers. He fought against Japanese forces in various locations, including Gansu and Xinjiang. His division was known for its tenacity in combat.

Following the surrender of Japan, Ma Hushan continued to serve in the Nationalist army during the Chinese Civil War. He was stationed in Xinjiang and played a role in the suppression of the Ili Rebellion. After the Communist victory in 1949, Ma Hushan fled Xinjiang and eventually made his way to Taiwan. He spent his later years in exile. His date of death is not well documented and varies according to source, sometime between 1950 and the 1960s is generally accepted.

Ma Hushan remains a controversial figure. Some view him as a patriotic Chinese general who fought against Japanese aggression, while others criticize him for his role in suppressing rebellions and his association with the Nationalist government.