Lookism

Lookism is prejudice or discrimination based on physical appearance, and more generally, on physical attractiveness. It refers to the positive stereotypes, prejudice, and preferential treatment given to physically attractive people and, conversely, the negative stereotypes and unfair treatment given to people deemed unattractive. Lookism can affect many areas of life, including social relationships, employment, education, and the legal system.

It operates on the assumption that outer appearance reflects inner qualities and can be considered a form of bias or discrimination, similar to racism, sexism, or ageism. While not always legally recognized as a form of discrimination, the impact of lookism on individuals can be significant and pervasive, contributing to feelings of low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and social isolation.

The concept of lookism has gained increasing attention in recent years, fueled by concerns about body image, media representation, and the pressure to conform to unrealistic beauty standards. The prevalence of social media and online dating platforms has further amplified the focus on physical appearance and its potential influence on social interactions and opportunities.

While the term "lookism" is relatively recent, the phenomenon of judging individuals based on their appearance has likely existed throughout history. The term itself is often attributed to William Safire, who used it in a 1978 New York Times article.

The study of lookism examines the various ways in which physical attractiveness can affect individuals' lives, including the psychological, social, and economic consequences of experiencing discrimination based on appearance. Researchers explore the underlying factors that contribute to lookism, such as evolutionary biases, cultural norms, and media influence. They also investigate potential strategies for combating lookism and promoting greater acceptance and inclusivity of diverse appearances.