Jangam

Jangam refers to a Shaiva religious order, primarily found in the South Indian state of Karnataka and parts of Maharashtra. They are traditionally wandering mendicants who are considered living embodiments of Lord Shiva. The Jangamas are central to the Lingayat or Veerashaiva faith, acting as spiritual guides and educators for devotees.

The term "Jangam" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Jangama," meaning "moving" or "mobile," reflecting their itinerant lifestyle. Historically, Jangamas traveled from village to village, preaching the tenets of Veerashaivism, initiating new members into the faith, and performing religious ceremonies. They are distinguished by their distinctive attire, often wearing saffron robes and carrying specific religious symbols such as the Lingam (a representation of Shiva) tied around their neck or arm.

Jangamas are considered to be above the caste system within the Veerashaiva community, and traditionally served as intermediaries between devotees and the divine. They play a crucial role in the preservation and propagation of Veerashaiva literature, philosophy, and traditions. The institution of the Jangam is critical to the socio-religious structure of the Lingayat community, providing spiritual guidance and reinforcing the core beliefs of the faith. Over time, some Jangamas have settled down, establishing monasteries (mathas) and engaging in educational and social welfare activities.