Grenache

Grenache, also known as Garnacha (in Spain), is one of the world's most widely planted red wine grape varieties. It ripens late, so it needs hot, dry conditions such as those found in Spain, the south of France, and California's Central Valley.

Origin and Distribution:

Grenache is believed to have originated in Spain, likely in the Aragon region, where it is known as Garnacha Tinta. From Spain, it spread to France, particularly the Rhône Valley, and later to other parts of the world, including Australia, Italy (Sardinia), and the United States.

Viticultural Characteristics:

The Grenache vine is vigorous and drought-resistant, making it well-suited to warm climates with poor soils. It is typically budded early and ripens late in the growing season. The grapes are large and thin-skinned, which can make them susceptible to sunburn and rot in excessively humid conditions.

Wine Characteristics:

Grenache wines are typically red-fruit driven, with flavors of raspberry, strawberry, and cherry, often accompanied by hints of white pepper and spice. As the wine ages, it can develop more complex notes of leather, licorice, and garrigue (the scrubland vegetation of southern France). Grenache wines are often medium-bodied with relatively high alcohol levels and moderate tannins. The color of the wine can vary from ruby red to brick red, depending on age and winemaking techniques.

Uses:

Grenache is a versatile grape used in a variety of wines, including:

• Single-varietal wines: While often blended, Grenache can produce outstanding single-varietal wines, particularly in warm climates.
• Blended wines: Grenache is a key component of many popular blends, most notably those from the Rhône Valley (e.g., Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Côtes du Rhône) and the Priorat region of Spain. It is often blended with Syrah, Mourvèdre, and other varieties to add fruitiness, body, and complexity.
• Rosé wines: Grenache is also used to make rosé wines, particularly in the Tavel region of France and in Spain. These rosés are typically dry, fruity, and full-bodied.
• Fortified wines: Grenache is used in the production of fortified wines, such as Banyuls and Maury in France, which are similar to port.

Synonyms:

Grenache has numerous synonyms, including Garnacha Tinta (Spain), Cannonau (Sardinia), and Alicante (a synonym in some regions, though also refers to other varieties).