Ghafiri

The Ghafiri (also sometimes transliterated as Ghafiry) are a tribal confederation primarily located in Oman. They are one of the two major political and tribal groupings in the country, the other being the Hinawi. Historically, the Ghafiri and Hinawi were in constant competition and rivalry for political and economic power, with the conflict often expressed through tribal alliances and disputes over resources, particularly water rights.

The Ghafiri are generally associated with northern Oman and the interior regions, although Ghafiri tribes can also be found in other parts of the country. The confederation is not monolithic; it is composed of numerous independent tribes, each with its own leadership and customs. The specific composition of the Ghafiri confederation has shifted over time due to tribal alliances and migrations.

Historically, the Ghafiri tribes often supported the Imamate system of government in Oman, which emphasized religious leadership and autonomy from external powers. The rivalry between the Ghafiri and Hinawi has played a significant role in shaping Omani political history and continues to influence social and political dynamics to some extent. Although the traditional power structures have evolved under the modern Sultanate, tribal affiliations remain important aspects of Omani identity and social organization.

The origin of the names "Ghafiri" and "Hinawi" is debated, with several different theories proposed. One common explanation links them to historical figures or events, although the exact details remain unclear. Understanding the Ghafiri and Hinawi dichotomy is essential for comprehending Omani history, culture, and contemporary social structures.