Fagaceae

The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the beech family. This family comprises deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs characterized by alternate, simple leaves and monoecious flowers. The male flowers are typically borne in catkins, while the female flowers are solitary or in small clusters.

The defining characteristic of the Fagaceae is the fruit, a nut enclosed in a cupule or husk. This cupule is formed from modified bracts and scales, varying in structure depending on the genus.

Important genera within the Fagaceae include Fagus (beech), Quercus (oak), Castanea (chestnut), and Lithocarpus (stone oak). These genera are economically significant for timber, edible nuts, and tannin production.

Fagaceae are widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with some species extending into tropical areas. They are ecologically important components of many forest ecosystems. The family plays a vital role in supporting biodiversity and influencing nutrient cycling. Their hardiness and adaptability have also made several species popular choices for landscaping and urban forestry.