Esquilino (rione of Rome)

The Esquilino is the 15th rione of Rome, Italy. It is identified by the code R. XV and is located on the Esquiline Hill, one of the Seven Hills of Rome.

History:

The Esquilino hill was initially located outside the ancient city walls. During the reign of Servius Tullius, it was incorporated within the Pomerium and became part of the city. It was an area associated with poverty and burial grounds. Maecenas, a wealthy patron of the arts during the reign of Augustus, transformed a significant portion of the hill into lavish gardens, helping to popularize the area.

During the Roman Empire, the Esquilino was the location of several imperial residences and gardens, including those of Nero, Trajan, and the Horti Liciniani. The area suffered decline after the fall of the Roman Empire and remained relatively sparsely populated for centuries.

In the late 19th century, following the unification of Italy and Rome becoming the capital, the Esquilino underwent significant urban development. It was redesigned as a modern residential and commercial district, characterized by its grid street plan and large, multi-story buildings. This transformation drastically altered the character of the rione.

Geography and Demographics:

The Esquilino encompasses the summit and slopes of the Esquiline Hill. It is bordered by the rioni Monti, Castro Pretorio, and San Lorenzo, as well as the Aurelian Walls.

The Esquilino is a multicultural neighborhood, with a large immigrant population, particularly of Chinese origin. This diversity is reflected in the numerous ethnic restaurants and shops located in the area.

Main Sights:

• Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore: One of the four major basilicas of Rome.
• Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II: A large square with gardens and the ruins of the Nymphaeum Alexandri.
• Porta Maggiore: A monumental gate of the Aurelian Walls.
• Temple of Minerva Medica: Ruins of a Roman nymphaeum.
• Auditorium di Mecenate: A Roman auditorium discovered in the gardens of Maecenas.

Transportation:

The Esquilino is well-connected to the rest of Rome via public transportation, including the Rome Metro lines A and B, as well as numerous bus and tram lines. Termini Station, Rome's main railway station, is located near the rione's border.