Berdyszcze

The berdyszcze (plural of berdysz, also sometimes spelled bardiche in English, and known in Russian as бердыш [berdysh]) was a polearm weapon historically used in Eastern and Central Europe, particularly from the 15th to the 17th centuries, and later primarily as a ceremonial weapon. It is characterized by a distinctive axe-like blade attached to a long shaft, often with two sockets or extensions along the blade's lower edge that are fixed to the shaft. These lower sockets provided greater stability and leverage when striking.

Unlike a halberd, the berdyszcze generally lacks a spear-like point at the top of the shaft, and the axe blade is typically longer and more pronounced. Its primary function was as a cutting and chopping weapon, capable of delivering powerful blows.

Historically, the berdyszcze was favored by infantry and city guards. In Poland and Russia, it became a characteristic weapon of streltsy (Russian infantry) and similar formations. Its long reach allowed for engagement at a distance, and the blade's size made it effective against both unarmored and lightly armored opponents.

While the berdyszcze was a practical weapon of war, it also served as a symbol of status and authority, often decorated with ornate carvings and designs, particularly in ceremonial contexts. By the 18th century, its role in warfare diminished, but it continued to be used as a ceremonial guard weapon in some countries.