The Brus

The Brus is a 14th-century Scots metrical verse romance written by John Barbour. It recounts the story of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Written in octosyllabic verse, the poem details Bruce's struggles, victories, and ultimate triumph over the English, focusing primarily on the period from 1306 to 1328.

Content and Historical Significance:

• Narrative: The Brus presents a partisan, pro-Scottish account of the war, glorifying Bruce and his loyal followers, such as James Douglas, Lord of Douglas (the "Good Sir James"). It portrays the English forces as cruel and unjust invaders.

• Historical Accuracy: While considered a valuable historical source, particularly for aspects not covered elsewhere, the accuracy of The Brus should be treated with caution. Barbour's purpose was to celebrate Bruce and inspire patriotism, so the poem likely embellishes events and simplifies complex political situations.

• Language and Style: The poem is written in Middle Scots, providing important insights into the language of the period. Its simple yet effective style made it accessible to a wide audience and contributed to its enduring popularity.

• Themes: Key themes explored in The Brus include patriotism, freedom, perseverance, loyalty, and the divine right of kings.

John Barbour:

John Barbour (c. 1320 – 1395) was a Scottish poet and cleric. He served as Archdeacon of Aberdeen and is regarded as one of the most important figures in early Scottish literature. The Brus is his most famous work.

Manuscripts and Editions:

Several manuscripts of The Brus exist, though none are autograph (written in Barbour's own hand). Modern editions are based on these manuscripts, often collating different versions to produce a more complete text.

Legacy:

The Brus has had a significant impact on Scottish national identity and historical memory. It has been studied and read for centuries and continues to be a relevant text for understanding Scotland's past. Its influence can be seen in later Scottish literature and historical narratives.