Aspein

Aspein is a protein encoded by the TNFSF12 gene in humans. It is also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12, or TWEAK ligand. Aspein/TWEAK ligand binds to its receptor, Fn14 (fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14), initiating various cellular signaling pathways.

Functionally, Aspein/TWEAK ligand is implicated in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Its role in these processes is complex and can be context-dependent, with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects observed depending on the cellular environment.

Aspein is expressed in a wide range of tissues, including immune cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. Its expression can be upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli and tissue injury.

Research suggests that Aspein/TWEAK ligand and its receptor Fn14 are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. As such, the Aspein/Fn14 pathway has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions. Current research is focused on developing inhibitors of the Aspein/Fn14 interaction as potential treatments.