21. Peron

Juan Domingo Perón (1895-1974) was an Argentine army general, politician, and president of Argentina on three occasions: 1946–1955, and briefly in 1973–1974. He founded and led Peronism, a populist political movement that has had a lasting influence on Argentine politics and society.

Perón rose to prominence within the military government that took power in Argentina in 1943. He served as Minister of Labour, Minister of War, and Vice President before being elected president in 1946.

As president, Perón implemented a nationalist and populist agenda. His policies focused on improving the living standards of the working class through wage increases, social security programs, and increased union power. He nationalized key industries and expanded state intervention in the economy. These policies were often driven by his wife, Eva "Evita" Perón, who became a powerful figure in her own right, advocating for the rights of the poor and women.

Perón's rule was marked by both economic progress and political repression. While he enjoyed strong support from the working class, his policies were criticized by the wealthy elite and conservative elements in society. He suppressed political dissent and cracked down on opposition groups.

In 1955, Perón was overthrown in a military coup and forced into exile. He spent the next 18 years living in various countries, including Spain.

In 1973, Perón returned to Argentina and was elected president for a third time. However, he died less than a year into his term, leaving a power vacuum that contributed to further political instability in the country. His third wife, Isabel Martínez de Perón, succeeded him as president.

Peronism remains a significant political force in Argentina, with different factions interpreting and adapting Perón's ideas to contemporary challenges. The movement is often characterized by its emphasis on social justice, economic nationalism, and strong leadership. The legacy of Perón is complex and controversial, debated to this day by historians and political analysts.