Tupilaq

A tupilaq (also spelled tupilak, tupilek, or tupilait) is an avenging monster in Inuit mythology. It is typically made from various animal parts, such as bones, skin, hair, and sinew, often combined with parts of human corpses, especially those of children. The exact composition varies significantly depending on local traditions and the intentions of the creator.

Tupilaqs are created by a sorcerer (angakkuq) or someone knowledgeable in magic, through a secretive and often dangerous ritual. The creator animates the assemblage and imbues it with the purpose of hunting down and killing a specific enemy. The creation process is said to be highly challenging, requiring intense concentration and potentially putting the creator at risk.

The purpose of a tupilaq is revenge. If sent against someone with greater magical power than the creator, the tupilaq may turn on its master and kill them instead. Consequently, the creation and deployment of a tupilaq were regarded with extreme caution and secrecy.

Counteracting a tupilaq usually involved identifying the sender and either overpowering them magically or confessing to the offense that prompted the creation of the monster. Protection from a tupilaq could involve rituals, amulets, or the assistance of a more powerful shaman.

The concept of the tupilaq reflects the Inuit belief in the power of magic, the importance of revenge, and the potential dangers of wielding supernatural forces. While primarily known from folklore and mythology, the tupilaq has also gained recognition in contemporary Inuit art and popular culture. Figurines resembling the traditional description of tupilaqs are often crafted from materials like bone, ivory, or stone and are sold as souvenirs, though these modern representations often lack the original malevolent intent.