Thomas Preston (monk)

Thomas Preston (c. 1567 – 1640), also known by the religious name Roger Widdrington, was an English Benedictine monk, theologian, and controversialist. Born in Northumberland, he entered the Benedictine order in Italy, taking the name Roger Widdrington. He returned to England as a missionary priest and became a prominent figure in the English Catholic community during a period of intense religious and political tension.

Widdrington is best known for his staunch opposition to papal claims of temporal power over secular rulers. He became a key figure in the "Appellant Controversy," which arose from the Oath of Allegiance imposed by King James I following the Gunpowder Plot. This oath required Catholics to deny the pope's right to depose the king. Widdrington argued that English Catholics could take the oath in good conscience, asserting that while the pope held spiritual authority, he possessed no legitimate power over temporal matters, such as the sovereignty of the English Crown.

His writings, published under the name Roger Widdrington, defended his position and challenged the Ultramontane views held by many other Catholics. Key works included "Apologia pro Jure Principum" and "Responsio Apologetica." These writings sparked considerable debate and controversy within the Catholic community, leading to condemnations from Rome and opposition from other prominent Catholic figures.

Despite the controversies, Widdrington continued to minister to Catholics in England and defend his views. He remained a significant voice in the English Catholic debate over the relationship between religious authority and secular power, advocating for a position that sought to reconcile loyalty to the Catholic faith with allegiance to the English Crown. His writings offer a valuable insight into the complex religious and political landscape of early 17th-century England and the challenges faced by Catholics navigating divided loyalties.