The Innocents (novel)

The Innocents is a novel by Edith Wharton, published in 1920. Initially serialized in Pictorial Review under the title Old New York, it was later released as a book. The novel is one of four novellas that comprise the collection Old New York, each focusing on a specific decade in the city's past. The Innocents explores the social dynamics and rigid customs of 1870s New York high society, often referred to as the "Gilded Age."

The story centers on Newland Archer, a wealthy young lawyer engaged to May Welland, a woman embodying the ideals of upper-class purity and innocence. Their seemingly idyllic engagement is disrupted by the arrival of May's cousin, Countess Ellen Olenska, who has returned to New York after a scandalous separation from her Polish husband. Ellen's unconventional behavior and European sophistication clash with the conservative values of New York society.

Newland becomes increasingly drawn to Ellen, finding her intelligence and independent spirit a stark contrast to May's perceived naivete. He grapples with his feelings for Ellen and his obligation to May, representing the conflict between personal desire and societal expectations. The novel explores themes of repression, the constraints of social class, the limitations placed upon women, and the subtle tragedies that can arise from adhering to rigid social codes. While appearing to uphold the established order, the characters often experience unfulfilled desires and unspoken longings. The title itself refers ironically to the perceived innocence and naivete of the characters, particularly those like May who are carefully shielded from the realities of the world. The novel serves as a critique of the superficiality and hypocrisy prevalent within the upper echelons of 19th-century New York society.