Plasminogen (medication)

Plasminogen is a protein present in blood plasma that serves as the inactive precursor to plasmin, an enzyme responsible for breaking down fibrin clots. As a medication, plasminogen concentrate is used to treat patients with congenital plasminogen deficiency (hypoplasminogenemia). This rare genetic disorder results in impaired wound healing, ligneous conjunctivitis (thick, woody deposits on the conjunctiva), and other systemic manifestations.

Mechanism of Action:

Plasminogen concentrate, administered intravenously, aims to restore the deficient levels of plasminogen in the patient's bloodstream. Once present, plasminogen can be activated to plasmin through the action of plasminogen activators like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase. The newly formed plasmin then degrades fibrin, the main protein component of blood clots, thereby promoting clot lysis and improving the body's ability to heal wounds and clear away fibrin deposits.

Indications:

The primary indication for plasminogen concentrate is the treatment of patients with congenital plasminogen deficiency type I, also known as hypoplasminogenemia, who present with clinical manifestations.

Administration:

Plasminogen concentrate is administered intravenously by a healthcare professional. The dosage and frequency of administration are determined based on the individual patient's plasminogen levels, disease severity, and response to treatment.

Contraindications:

The use of plasminogen concentrate is generally contraindicated in individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to plasminogen or any of the excipients in the formulation.

Adverse Effects:

Common adverse effects associated with plasminogen concentrate administration may include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and headache. More serious adverse effects are rare, but potential risks include allergic reactions, thromboembolic events, and transmission of infectious agents.

Warnings and Precautions:

Patients receiving plasminogen concentrate should be closely monitored for signs of allergic reactions or thromboembolic complications. Caution should be exercised when administering plasminogen concentrate to patients with a history of thromboembolic disease. As with any blood product, there is a theoretical risk of transmission of infectious agents.

Storage:

Plasminogen concentrate should be stored as directed by the manufacturer, typically at refrigerated temperatures (2-8°C or 36-46°F).