Pholidae

Pholidae is a family of marine fish, commonly known as gunnels. These small, elongated fish are found in the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. They are characterized by their snake-like bodies, long dorsal fins, and absence of pelvic fins.

Gunnels typically inhabit shallow, rocky intertidal zones and tide pools, where they often hide under rocks and seaweed. They are carnivorous, feeding on small invertebrates such as crustaceans and worms.

The coloration of gunnels varies depending on the species and habitat, but they are often brown, reddish, or greenish, with darker markings or spots. This camouflage helps them blend in with their surroundings and avoid predators.

Pholidae species exhibit varying reproductive strategies. Some species lay eggs that are attached to rocks or seaweed and guarded by one or both parents, while others exhibit internal fertilization and give birth to live young.

Gunnels are of limited commercial importance but are occasionally caught as bycatch in fisheries or kept in marine aquariums. They play a role in the marine ecosystem as both predators and prey.