Orthrus (spider)

Orthrus is a genus of jumping spiders (family Salticidae) found primarily in Australia, with some species extending into Papua New Guinea and surrounding islands. These spiders are known for their often vibrant coloration, particularly in males, which are used in courtship displays.

Description:

Orthrus spiders are typically small to medium in size, ranging from a few millimeters to around 10 millimeters in length. They exhibit a wide variety of color patterns, often including iridescent scales and bright markings on the carapace and abdomen. Males tend to be more brightly colored and ornamented than females. Like other jumping spiders, they possess excellent eyesight and are active hunters.

Habitat and Distribution:

The Orthrus genus is primarily found in Australia, occupying diverse habitats such as rainforests, woodlands, and grasslands. Several species also occur in Papua New Guinea and nearby island regions. They are typically found on foliage, tree trunks, and under bark.

Behavior:

Orthrus spiders are diurnal hunters, relying on their keen eyesight and jumping ability to capture prey. They are known for their elaborate courtship displays, which involve complex leg movements and body posturing by the males to attract females. Jumping spiders do not build webs to trap prey; instead, they use their silk for draglines and constructing shelters.

Taxonomy:

The genus Orthrus was established by Simon in 1900. The classification within the Salticidae family is based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. The genus currently contains multiple recognized species, with ongoing taxonomic research potentially leading to revisions.