Nautch

Nautch, also spelled nauch, refers to a style of dance historically performed by professional female dancers in India, particularly in North India. The term broadly encompasses various dance forms and musical traditions, evolving over centuries, and was a significant part of courtly entertainment and religious ceremonies.

Traditionally, nautch dancers were highly skilled and respected artists, often well-versed in poetry, music, and languages. They were patronized by Mughal emperors, regional rulers, and wealthy landlords. Their performances were characterized by graceful movements, intricate footwork, expressive gestures, and the communication of stories and emotions through dance. Common instruments accompanying nautch performances included the sitar, tabla, and harmonium.

During the British colonial period, the nautch tradition faced significant decline. British administrators often viewed the performances as immoral and associated them with prostitution. This led to the suppression of nautch houses and a negative perception of the dancers, contributing to the eventual degradation of the art form's reputation.

While the original nautch tradition has largely disappeared, elements of its music, dance, and artistry have influenced other Indian classical and folk dance forms. The legacy of nautch remains a complex and debated aspect of Indian cultural history, reflecting the shifting social and political landscapes of the region.