National Cabinet (Australia)
The National Cabinet is the primary intergovernmental forum in Australia, comprising the Prime Minister and the Premiers and Chief Ministers of the eight states and territories. It was formed on 13 March 2020, replacing the Council of Australian Governments (COAG).
Purpose and Function:
The National Cabinet's primary function is to address issues of national significance, particularly those requiring a coordinated response from all levels of government. This includes, but is not limited to, matters relating to the economy, health, and national security. The Cabinet aims to foster collaboration and consensus-building between the Commonwealth and sub-national governments.
Membership:
- The Prime Minister of Australia (Chair)
- The Premier of New South Wales
- The Premier of Victoria
- The Premier of Queensland
- The Premier of Western Australia
- The Premier of South Australia
- The Premier of Tasmania
- The Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory
- The Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
Operation:
The National Cabinet is supported by a secretariat within the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Meetings are generally held regularly, but the frequency can vary depending on the prevailing circumstances and the urgency of the issues being addressed. Decisions are typically made through consensus. The Cabinet is often informed by expert advice and submissions from various government departments and agencies.
Relationship to COAG:
The National Cabinet was established in response to criticisms regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of COAG. Proponents of the National Cabinet argued that it would be a more streamlined and responsive forum for intergovernmental cooperation. Unlike COAG, the National Cabinet has a more focused agenda and a greater emphasis on decisive action.
Criticisms:
Despite its intended benefits, the National Cabinet has faced some criticisms. Concerns have been raised about its transparency and accountability, as its deliberations are generally confidential. Some commentators have also questioned the extent to which the National Cabinet has truly improved intergovernmental relations, particularly in areas where there are significant differences in policy priorities between the Commonwealth and the states/territories.