Missa solemnis (Bruckner)

Missa solemnis in D minor is a setting of the Mass by Anton Bruckner, composed between 1882 and 1883. It is one of his most significant works in the liturgical genre, showcasing his characteristically powerful and expansive style. Unlike some of his other works, this Mass was completed in a relatively short period.

Composition and History

The composition of the ''Missa solemnis'' followed Bruckner's earlier ''Missa in F minor'', which was completed in 1868. While the F minor mass had moments of grandeur, the D minor Mass represents a more mature and substantial engagement with the form. The work was premiered in Linz in 1884, receiving a mixed critical reception, as was often the case with Bruckner's works during his lifetime.

Musical Style and Structure

The ''Missa solemnis'' is a large-scale work, characterized by its rich orchestration, powerful harmonies, and soaring melodic lines. It features a full orchestra and chorus, and showcases Bruckner's masterful handling of counterpoint and his deeply expressive harmonic language. The mass is in six movements, departing from the traditional five:

• Kyrie: A solemn and prayerful opening.
• Gloria: A jubilant and expansive movement, reflecting the text's celebratory nature.
• Credo: A substantial and deeply expressive setting of the Nicene Creed, demonstrating Bruckner's skill in depicting both the majesty and mystery of the faith.
• Sanctus: Characterized by a sense of awe and reverence.
• Benedictus: A more serene and lyrical movement.
• Agnus Dei: A moving and poignant concluding movement.

Bruckner's use of counterpoint and his characteristically powerful climaxes are particularly evident in this Mass. The orchestration is opulent and richly textured, contributing significantly to the work's overall emotional impact.

Reception and Legacy

The reception of the ''Missa solemnis'' during Bruckner's lifetime was mixed, with some critics finding it overly long and complex. However, its stature has grown significantly since then, and it is now regarded as one of his most important and enduring compositions. It is frequently performed and recorded, and holds a significant place in the repertoire of choral and orchestral music. It is highly regarded for its profound spirituality and emotional depth.